How to Create a Simple DIY Robot

Electronics Projects: Introduction Building a simple robot is a great way to dive into the world of robotics. This project will guide you through creating a basic line-following robot using readily available components.



Materials Needed

  • Arduino Uno
  • Motor driver (L298N)
  • DC motors with wheels
  • Chassis
  • Line tracking sensor module
  • Battery pack
  • Jumper wires
  • Breadboard

Step-by-Step Guide

  1. Assemble the Chassis: Attach the DC motors and wheels to the robot chassis.
  2. Connect the Motor Driver: Connect the motors to the L298N motor driver and then to the Arduino.
  3. Install the Line Tracking Sensors: Attach the sensors to the front of the robot and connect them to the Arduino.
  4. Power Supply: Connect the battery pack to the motor driver and Arduino.
  5. Write the Code: Program the Arduino to read the sensor data and control the motors to follow a line. Example code:
    cpp
    void setup() {
  pinMode(leftMotor, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(rightMotor, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(leftSensor, INPUT);
  pinMode(rightSensor, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(leftSensor) == LOW && digitalRead(rightSensor) == HIGH) {
    // Turn right
    digitalWrite(leftMotor, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(rightMotor, LOW);
  } else if (digitalRead(leftSensor) == HIGH && digitalRead(rightSensor) == LOW) {
    // Turn left
    digitalWrite(leftMotor, LOW);
    digitalWrite(rightMotor, HIGH);
  } else {
    // Move forward
    digitalWrite(leftMotor, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(rightMotor, HIGH);
  }
}
  6. Testing and Calibration: Place your robot on a track and test its ability to follow the line. Adjust sensor positions and code as necessary.

Tips and Tricks

  • Ensure the track is well-defined and contrasts with the background.
  • Experiment with different sensor placements for optimal line detection.
  • Try adding more sensors for better precision.