DIY Automatic Night Light Using LDR

Objective:

To create a circuit that automatically turns ON the LED when it’s dark and turns OFF in daylight.

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Components Required:

1. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) – 10kΩ
2. Transistor – BC547
3. Resistor – 1kΩ
4. Diode – 1N4007
5. Capacitor – 100µF (optional for stability)
6. LED – Any color
7. Battery – 9V
8. Breadboard & Connecting Wires

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Circuit Diagram:

(You can visualize this using Fritzing, Tinkercad, or similar tools)

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Step-by-Step Instructions:

Step 1: Connect the LDR and Resistor

• Place the LDR on the breadboard.
• Connect one end to the positive (+) terminal of the battery.
• Connect the other end to the transistor’s base via a 1kΩ resistor.

Step 2: Connect the Transistor

• Place the BC547 transistor on the breadboard.
• Connect its collector to the negative leg of the LED.
• Connect its emitter to the ground (-).

Step 3: Connect the LED

• Connect the positive leg of the LED to the positive terminal of the battery.
• The negative leg goes to the transistor’s collector.

Step 4: Add the Diode (For Protection)

• Place the 1N4007 diode across the LED to protect against voltage spikes.

Step 5: Power Up the Circuit

• Connect a 9V battery or a 5V power source.
• The LED will turn ON in the dark and OFF in the light.

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How It Works:

1. In daylight, the LDR has low resistance, and the transistor remains OFF, so the LED stays OFF.
2. In darkness, the LDR’s resistance increases, turning ON the transistor, which allows current to flow, turning the LED ON.

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Customization Ideas:

💡 Adjust Sensitivity: Use a variable resistor (potentiometer) to control when the LED turns ON/OFF.
💡 Use a Relay: Connect this circuit to a 220V bulb using a relay for home automation.
💡 Use Solar Power: Replace the battery with a small solar panel for energy-saving lighting.

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Demo GIF: ON/OFF Light Effect

I'll create a GIF showing the LED turning ON in the dark and turning OFF in light. Generating the GIF now... ⏳

Here is the demo GIF showing the ON/OFF effect of the automatic night light circuit. The LED turns ON in the dark and OFF in the light. Let me know if you need modifications! 🚀