PInfrared Sensor (IR)

 Infrared Sensor (IR)



Infrared Sensor (IR) – Working, Types, and DIY Applications






🔍 Introduction

An Infrared Sensor (IR) is an electronic device that detects objects, heat, or motion using infrared light. It’s one of the most widely used sensors in automation systems, robots, and security devices due to its low cost and reliability.

⚙️ How It Works

Infrared sensors work by emitting infrared radiation and then detecting the reflected light from nearby objects.
If an object is in front of the sensor, the IR light bounces back and is detected by the receiver, generating an output signal.

Basic Working Steps:

  1. IR LED (Emitter): Sends infrared light.

  2. Photodiode (Receiver): Detects reflected light.

  3. Comparator Circuit: Converts received light into a digital signal.

🧩 Types of IR Sensors

  1. Active Infrared Sensor:

    • Has both emitter and receiver.

    • Detects object presence or distance.

  2. Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR):

    • Detects heat energy (body motion).

    • Common in automatic lights and alarms.

💡 Applications

  • Obstacle detection in robots

  • Line-following robots

  • Motion detection alarms

  • Automatic doors and lights

  • Temperature and flame sensors

  • Remote control systems

🔧 Example (Arduino Connection)

Connect the IR sensor module with Arduino:

  • OUT → Pin 7

  • VCC → 5V

  • GND → GND

Simple code example:

int IRSensor = 7;
int LED = 13;

void setup() {
  pinMode(IRSensor, INPUT);
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  int status = digitalRead(IRSensor);
  if (status == LOW) {
    digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
  }
}

⭐ User Reviews

Tahir Ali – Lahore:

“IR sensors are super easy to use with Arduino. I built an obstacle-avoiding robot with it.”

Hira Noor – Karachi:

“Affordable and accurate for small automation projects. Works great indoors.”

Bilal Shah – Islamabad:

“Used IR sensors in my smart door system. Reliable and quick response.”

💬 Comments

Have you used IR sensors in your projects?
Share your ideas or coding experiences below to help other makers!

✅ Conclusion

The Infrared Sensor (IR) is a must-have component in electronics and robotics. It’s simple, low-cost, and highly useful for automation, security, and distance-sensing applications. Perfect for students, hobbyists, and DIY creators.


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